What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication difficulties, and patterns of repetitive behavior or restricted interests. Symptoms can vary widely—from mild to severe. For example, what was once diagnosed as Asperger’s syndrome typically falls on the milder end of the spectrum, while classic autism represents a more profound impact on functioning.
Who Is Affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder?
The number of children diagnosed with ASD has risen significantly in recent years. According to the CDC, just a decade ago, autism affected 1 in 69 children. Today, that figure has increased to 1 in 44. The condition is far more common in boys, who are nearly four times more likely than girls to be diagnosed with ASD.
Core Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder
ASD symptoms often become noticeable by ages 2 to 3, though in some cases, signs can appear before a child turns 1. Because autism is a spectrum disorder, not everyone exhibits the same symptoms, and severity can vary greatly. Common signs include:
- Difficulty understanding non-verbal cues like facial expressions and body language
- Challenges initiating or maintaining conversations
- Engaging in repetitive movements like hand-flapping or rocking
- Insistence on routine or resistance to change
- Unusual use of objects, such as lining up toys repeatedly
- Behavioral challenges and trouble acquiring new skills
Consequences of Misdiagnosed or Untreated Autism
When ASD is not accurately diagnosed or properly treated, individuals face a greater risk of experiencing:
- Worsening developmental delays
- Co-occurring disorders
- Allergies, asthma, and immune-related conditions
- Metabolic issues like diabetes and obesity
- Heart complications
- Neurological conditions like cerebral palsy
- Increased risk of mental health disorders, including schizophrenia
- Suicidal ideation and behaviors
What Causes Autism Spectrum Disorder?
ASD is believed to be influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While no single cause has been identified, researchers agree that inherited genes play a central role. Environmental triggers may influence how these genes are expressed. Known risk factors include:
- Advanced parental age at the time of birth
- Having a sibling with ASD
- Premature birth or very low birth weight
- Exposure to valproate (an anti-seizure medication) during pregnancy
- Short intervals between pregnancies
Risks of Delayed Diagnosis or Lack of Treatment for Autism:
When autism spectrum disorder is undiagnosed or improperly treated, it can lead to:
- Intensified behavioral and developmental challenges
- Autoimmune and allergic responses
- Higher rates of obesity and chronic illnesses
- Cardiovascular issues
- Neuromotor disorders like cerebral palsy
- Elevated cancer risks
High & Low Activity Patterns in Autism Spectrum Disorder
People whose anger problems get them into trouble with relationships or the law are often sent to anger management classes, which can be very beneficial for some. But if there is physical damage or dysfunction in the brain, no amount of class time is going to resolve the problem. When there are issues with the PFC or temporal lobes, the underlying biological problem needs to be addressed. For example, if the cause is due to toxic exposure, one of the first steps to improving brain health is to avoid exposure to the toxin, whether it’s drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, mold, chemicals, pesticides, or some other type of toxin. It’s also critical to support the body’s 4 organs of detoxification—skin, kidneys, liver, and gut. If injury to the brain is from a chronic infection, such as Lyme disease, it’s important to treat the infection while also engaging in a brain healthy program. Any co-occurring disorders—such as ADHD, anxiety, depression, or addiction—also need to be treated to aid in the healing process.